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Cannabis gummies spilling on counter

Court of Appeals Rules that Delta-8-THC and Other Hemp Extracts Are Legal, Orders the District Attorney to Return Our Client’s Seized Property

Last Thursday, the Court of Appeals became the first appellate court in Georgia to consider whether Delta-8-THC and other similar products are legal hemp extracts or illegal controlled substances under state law—and our clients won.

Our clients are a distribution company that supplies convenience stores, gas stations, and vape stores with tobacco, nicotine vapes, and hemp products that contain CBD, CBO, Delta-8-THC, Delta-10-THC, and other hemp extracts. Hemp is a form of cannabis that lacks significant quantities of Delta-9-THC, the kind of THC that gets users “high.” Hemp and hemp extracts were legalized in 2019 under the Georgia Hemp Farming Act, which legalizes all cannabis and cannabis extracts as long as they contain “less than 0.3% Delta-9-THC.

This case began in early 2022, when the District Attorney’s Office and Gwinnett County Metro Task Force raised our client’s warehouse, seizing their entire hemp inventory, their business records, and almost $300,000 in cash. Even though Attorney Tom Church had previously obtained an injunction against the District Attorney prohibiting her from conducting further raids and arrests, they refused to return our clients property. Litigation ensued, and we ended up taking the case to the Court of Appeals.

We argued that Delta-8-THC and other hemp extracts are not controlled substances because hemp and hemp products are excluded from the definitions of “marijuana” and “THC” under Georgia’s criminal code. After we presented expert evidence regarding the differences between hemp and marijuana in our injunction case, the State had to concede that, in their pure form, hemp extracts are not illegal. The State maintained that they become illegal, however, if found in food products. 

The Court of Appeals rejected the State’s argument, holding that it “has no merit.” The Court found that the “plain language” of Georgia’s criminal laws prohibiting marijuana and THC makes exceptions for any cannabinoids extracted from hemp, as long as they contain less than 0.3% Delta-9-THC.

While the judges didn’t all agree on the reasons, they all agreed our clients were entitled to all of their property back, and that the State did not have the right to seize their property or retain custody of it. Critically, the majority opinion explicitly recognized the legality of Delta-8-THC, Delta-10-THC, and other similar products, regardless of whether they are contained in edible or non-edible products.

There has been extensive media coverage of the case, and Attorney Tom Church has broken down the Court’s opinion for media outlets in the metro Atlanta area, including interviews with Fox5, Atlanta News First, 11Alive, and Georgia Public Broadcasting. His analysis of the case has been featured in legal publications like the Daily Report and Law360. The Court has published its opinion online and has archived the oral arguments in the case on their website.

Because the judges did not unanimously agree on the details, and because their opinion was based in part on the fact that the District Attorney conceded that some hemp-derived THC products are legal, there is still a possibility that other prosecutors, sheriffs, and other officials may continue misinterpreting the law. In fact, our firm was recently retained by another business that has been raided based on its sale of hemp extracts..

So, while this opinion was undoubtedly a win for the hemp industry, retailers, distributors, and manufacturers of hemp products should continue staying up-to-date on the law and ensuring they have testing and chain-of-custody  policies in place to comply with the law. 

If you or a loved one has been contacted by law enforcement due to the sale or possession of Delta-8-THC or other hemp products, call our firm. Our firm has successfully fought on behalf of small businesses and consumers across Georgia, and we are ready to fight for you.

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Attorney Tom Church

Daily Report Covers Our Firm’s $500,000 Settlement for Client Falsely Charged with Possessing Child Porn

Our firm has written about our successful efforts to get our client’s false child porn charges dropped and our subsequent efforts to seek compensation from the City and police department that charged our client. 

The Daily Report, a law publication that covers significant cases in Georgia, covered our firm’s efforts in an article published today. The article was written by Cedra Mayfield. 

See below for the full text of the article.

Attorney Tom Church

“…A metro-Atlanta attorney has secured a six-figure settlement for a small-town client falsely arrested and charged with possessing child pornography in connection to screenshots stored within and reported by a cloud-based image and video-hosting service.

Thomas D. Church of the Church Law Firm in Roswell credits the $500,000 settlement with the city of Thomasville to his ability to convey his client’s claims of malicious prosecution through a position paper backed by clear-cut evidence.

“I knew we needed to show, not just that Mr. Clements was innocent and that the police had made a mistake, but that the police in this case acted egregiously,” Church told the Daily Report.

‘Not Interested in the Truth’

It’s been four years since Thomasville police officers executed a search warrant at the Thomas County home of Neil Clements based on an automated tip generated by Flickr, a cloud-based storage service, according to Church.

Plaintiffs counsel said his client’s Flickr account ”incorrectly flagged images in [Clements’] cloud storage account as ‘potential’ or ‘suspected’ child pornography.”

“Flickr and other social media and cloud-based storage services sometimes use algorithms that are designed to try to identify sexually explicit pictures of minors. The problem here, of course, is that the pictures were of adults engaged in consensual sex,” Church said. “As in most of these kinds of cases, Flickr automatically forwarded the tip to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Critically, NCMEC had never seen these images before, let alone identified them as child pornography, so they forwarded the tip to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for further investigation.”

Church said the GBI responded to the tip by dispatching Thomasville police officers to Clements’ home, but called law enforcement’s subsequent actions “an egregious failure” that amounted to the “malicious prosecution” of his client.

“When investigators showed up at our client’s house with a search warrant to seize his computer and cellphone, they interviewed him. During that interview, our client insisted that the images were screenshots from a PornHub video featuring consenting adults, not children,” Church said. 

“Unfortunately, the officers were not interested in the truth and had already made up their minds that our client was guilty, so rather than do any further investigation, they ignored our client’s claims and arrested him for child porn possession. If convicted, our client faced decades in prison, and life as a registered sex offender.”

But it’s what Church did next that not only spared his client jail time, but resulted in all charges being dropped and a six-figure settlement being reached. J. Travis Hall of Chambless, Higdon, Richardson, Katz & Griggs in Macon represented the city of Thomasville but had not responded to a request for comment as of midday Tuesday.

‘Viewed 12 Million Times’

To clear his client’s name, Church said he reached out to former Thomas County Assistant District Attorney Catherine Smith to provide evidence that his client had not been in possession of child pornography.

In addition to sending Smith a link to the online video from which the screenshots had been taken, Church said he went one step further to include an email correspondence he’d had with the women featured in the footage that confirmed they’d not been minors.

“We emphasized that these pictures came from a video on a well-known website, PornHub, that featured consenting adults who had been verified as adults by the website, and that the video had been viewed 12 million times,” Church said.

Plaintiffs counsel said the evidence led the Thomas County District Attorney’s Office to dismiss its case against Clements in February 2022.

In addition to getting the charges dropped, Church prevailed at getting Clements’ record sealed, but said the damage to his client’s reputation had already been done.

“The newspaper, which had run a story about his charges, only provided an update in the old article noting that his case had been dismissed—not that there was proof he was actually innocent,” Church said. “Our client could not get his old job back, and the rumors in town continued.”

‘Our Client Heard an Apology’

With his client “financially ruined” by the false arrest, Church said he demanded additional justice for Clements in the form of damages from the city of Thomasville.

As the investigating officers’ employer, plaintiffs counsel contended in a position letter that local law enforcement “had ruined the life of an innocent man based on their deliberate disregard of the truth and their failure to adequately investigate their case.”

While honoring the city’s subsequent request for mediation, Church said he outlined why he believed plaintiffs counsel would win should the case be tried before a jury.

In addition to the evidence presented to get his client’s charges dropped, Church honed in on the officers’ “complete failure to investigate whether the images were actually child pornography before prosecuting [Clements].”

“The City of Thomasville did the right thing and was willing to offer our client a significant settlement,” Church said. “The city committed to paying our client $500,000 to settle his claims against the city and its police department. Just as importantly, the attorney representing the city’s insurer apologized to our client for what he had been through—the first time our client heard an apology for his false arrest and prosecution.”

Church said he and his client are now considering whether to pursue claims against the GBI for what plaintiffs counsel considered additional egregious conduct by an agent involved in the case, but noted “it is notoriously difficult to sue the GBI.”

If you or a loved one has been charged with a federal or state crime and need an experienced trial attorney who you can trust to fight for you, contact our firm. We will be honest with you and work hard for you.

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Thomasville Superior Courthouse

Our Firm Obtains $500,000 Settlement for Client Falsely Charged With Possession of Child Pornography

Superior Court of Thomas County in Thomasville, Georgia

This week, our firm obtained a second major victory for a client who was falsely charged with possessing child pornography. After we obtained a dismissal of his charges last year, the City of Thomasville last week agreed to pay our client $500,000 to settle his claims for wrongful prosecution against the City and its police department. Our client was arrested and charged with child porn offenses based on his possession of screenshots from a PornHub video that featured adults, came from a verified account, and had been viewed over 12 million times.

How an innocent person can be charged with child pornography offenses

The case began in March 2019, when Flickr, a cloud-based storage service like DropBox, incorrectly flagged images in our client’s cloud storage account as “potential” or “suspected” child pornography. Flickr and other social media and cloud-based storage services sometimes use algorithms that are designed to try to identify sexually explicit pictures of minors. The problem here, of course, is that the pictures were of adults engaged in consensual sex.

As in most of these kinds of cases, Flickr automatically forwarded the tip to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Critically, NCMEC had never seen these images before, let alone identified them as child pornography, so they forwarded the tip to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for further investigation. The GBI then worked with the Thomasville Police Department since our client lived in Thomasville.

What happened next was an egregious failure by law enforcement in this case. When investigators showed up at our client’s house with a search warrant to seize his computer and cell phone, they interviewed him. During that interview, our client insisted that the images were screenshots from a PornHub video featuring consenting adults, not children.

Unfortunately, the officers were not interested in the truth and had already made up their minds that our client was guilty, so rather than do any further investigation, they ignored our client’s claims and arrested him for child porn possession. If convicted, our client faced decades in prison and life as a registered sex offender.

How we obtained justice for our client–twice

Our client was an upstanding member of his community, and he lost almost everything overnight. His reputation was destroyed, his family estranged, and he was financially ruined. Fortunately, he hired our law firm, and the District Attorney did the right thing and dismissed the case when we sent them proof through the link to the PornHub video. We also contacted the women from the video, who confirmed they were not minors.

While our client’s criminal case was behind him, and his record was sealed, the damage was done. The newspaper which had run a story about his charges only provided an update in the old article noting that his case had been dismissed—not that there was proof he was actually innocent. Our client could not get his old job back, and the rumors in town continued. 

Still seeking justice, we promptly sent the City of Thomasville a demand letter for damages, explaining how their police department had ruined the life of an innocent man based on their deliberate disregard of the truth and their failure to adequately investigate their case. The City requested mediation, where the parties get together to negotiate a settlement. We presented a detailed case that explained why we felt we would win a jury trial. 

Like the District Attorney, the City of Thomasville did the right thing and was willing to offer our client a significant settlement. Last week, the City committed to paying our client $500,000 to settle his claims against the City and its police department. Just as importantly, the attorney representing the City’s insurer apologized to our client for what he had been through—the first time our client heard an apology for his false arrest and prosecution.

While money alone won’t restore our client’s standing in the community or make up for the pain and suffering he experienced after being falsely accused of such a serious crime, it’s a start. And while our fight to restore our client’s name and reputation continues, the fact that the City agreed to a significant settlement of his claims reflects the fact that he was truly innocent.

Contact us if you or a loved one has been falsely charged with child pornography offenses or any other serious crime

If you or a loved one have been falsely charged with a serious crime, please contact our firm. Not every criminal case will lead to a lawsuit, even if the charges are dismissed, but the first and most important thing you need is someone to fight hard to prove your innocence. Our attorneys are ready to fight for you and your family.

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The Lumpkin County courthouse

Our Firm Obtains Not Guilty Verdict for Client Falsely Accused of Child Molestation and Sexual Battery of a Child

Yesterday in Lumpkin County Superior Court, our client heard the two sweetest words an innocent man can hear in a court of law—“Not Guilty.” Our client was falsely accused of child molestation and sexual battery of a child under the age of 16. The trial took almost two weeks and was tried by Tom Church and our experienced paralegal, Emily Brooks, along with co-counsel Bob Rubin.

The trial featured some of the central issues that can come up in child molestation and abuse cases. Though our client was innocent, he faced a substantial risk of being convicted based on allegations made by a four-year-old girl during several interviews by her parents and later in two “forensic interviews.” A forensic interview is a special kind of interview designed to elicit the truth from children that disclose potential abuse. They are designed to account for the fact that children have different ways of processing memories and are highly susceptible to third party influences, especially from parents.

The interviews in this case were deeply flawed and did not account for the child’s “coaching” by her mother, which had heavily influenced the child into making the false allegations. Coaching occurs when a parent or other adult knowingly or unknowingly guides or pressures a child into making false allegations of child abuse. At trial, we were able to pick apart these interviews by cross-examining the interviewer and putting our own expert witnesses on the stand to explain how the mother’s prior questioning of the child had “tainted” the child’s memory. We also showed that the mother’s own suspicion influenced her questioning of the child.

Aside from the child’s statements, many of which were inconsistent, there was absolutely zero evidence corroborating the allegations. In fact, our witnesses explained that the scenario described by the child was impossible. We were able to effectively cross-examine the State’s GBI agent and other witnesses to point out the various inconsistencies and lack of corroborating evidence in their case. We also retained an expert who searched our client’s electronic devices, which did not contain any child pornography or evidence of child molestation, and he explained to the jury that this is uncommon in child molestation cases. Last but not least, we had respected members of the community testify as “character witnesses” who testified to the jury about our client’s good character, honesty, and the fact that he had never acted inappropriately with children.

The trial was an emotional one, especially since our client was a well-known figure in the community and had been close friends with the family of the alleged victim. As in many child abuse cases, the mere fact that he was accused led many to assume he was guilty. The State’s burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and the defendant’s presumption of innocence don’t always apply in these kinds of cases, no matter what the jury is instructed by the judge. 

Yesterday, however, our client was able to walk out of the courthouse the same way he came in, as an innocent man surrounded by his loving family. Today, he can begin the process of rebuilding his life and clearing his name.

If you or a loved one is facing a child molestation or abuse investigation or charges, contact our firm. Our experienced team is ready to help you fight for justice.

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Prescription bottle and Oxycodone pills

Supreme Court Ruling Provides Defense for Doctors Facing “Pill Mill” Allegations or Appealing a Sentence or Conviction

Last summer, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a significant ruling in Ruan v. United States that clarified what the Government must prove to convict a doctor accused of running a “pill mill,” which refers to a practice of doctors prescribing opioids and other controlled substances to people who don’t need them, such as drug users or drug dealers.

 

For decades, the Government had been able to charge doctors as drug dealers based on allegations that the doctor’s prescribing practices were not for a “legitimate medical purpose” or were “outside the usual course of professional medical practice.” In effect, this allowed some doctors to be charged based on negligence.

 

That changed last summer, when a majority of the Supreme Court held that, when charging a doctor with distributing or prescribing controlled substances unlawfully, the Government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant subjectively knew or intended to prescribe controlled substances without a legitimate medical purpose or outside the usual course of ordinary professional medical practice. This is often called the “Good Faith” defense, and it means that the trial judge must instruct the jury that they can only convict the defendant if they find he essentially intended to act like a drug dealer.

 

This is an important ruling because the standard for convicting doctors of unlawful prescribing practices was so low that innocent doctors were getting charged and convicted. In fact, our firm has represented some of those doctors. The Supreme Court’s decision in Ruan specifically noted that the purpose of criminal laws is not to punish negligence, only intentional wrongdoing.

 

That said, the Government can still prove that a defendant-doctor acted intentionally and unlawfully through circumstantial evidence—for example, there will likely be sufficient evidence to convict a doctor who only takes cash, doesn’t do any physical exams, doesn’t screen patients, and who prescribes an unusually high number of controlled substances, especially if those drugs are opioids.

 

In sum, doctors facing allegations of operating a “pill mill” can now be judged on their intentions, not some rigid standard that treats good faith mistakes as serious crimes. In that vein, a doctor’s practice of performing adequate physical exams and screening patients for potential abuse is powerful evidence that the doctor was trying their best, even if they were prescribing an inappropriate number of medications.

 

Similarly, doctors who have already been convicted of unlawfully prescribing controlled substances may have a basis for vacating their convictions. That’s especially true if the doctor requested, but did not receive, a “good faith” instruction to the jury by the trial court. In many cases, the defendant may be able to show that there was enough evidence of “good faith” prescribing practices that the Government’s evidence was insufficient to prove guilt.

 

Our firm has a lot of experience handling “pill mill” charges and representing doctors who are falsely accused of acting as drug dealers.

 

If you or a loved one is facing “pill mill” charges, contact our firm. Our experienced trial lawyers are ready to fight for you and your family.

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